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Self-regulation
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Council for Mass Media
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Watershed timings for TV
programming
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Self-regulation of telephone
services
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Self-regulation on the Internet
1. Self-regulation
Media regulation in Finland is performed in accordance with the
Western principle of freedom of speech. Legislation is used only to
set the outer limits of the freedom of speech. The responsibility
for supervising media content rests with the mass media itself.
Self-regulation reinforces the independence of the mass media and
emphasises freedom of speech and freedom of publication.
Self-regulation refers to the voluntary cooperation of businesses
in the sector aimed at preventing harmful and unlawful activity.
Supervision of this self-regulation is also carried out by the
sector itself and is based on the various contracts and standards
of those involved. The authorities only intervene in criminal
cases.
Alongside self-regulation, it is necessary to provide security
through legislation in order to ensure trust and confidence.
Legislation provides the basic level of security that affords
protection in the event of criminal cases and situations that are
contractually or financially problematic. Self-regulation is also
appropriate for newly developing markets before any legislation in
the sector is introduced.
The Act on the Exercise of Freedom of Expression in Mass Media,
which took effect at the start of 2004, applies to publishing and
programme production. Communication via information networks forms
part of this and is, therefore, subject to the legislation on the
mass media. The new act repealed the previous Freedom of the Press
Act and Radio Broadcasting Responsibility Act.
While the new act lays down a number of special requirements for
regular publishing and programme production, the home pages of
private individuals are subject only to the act’s provisions on
ensuring that, where necessary, responsibility is borne for any
crime or damage.
2.
Council for Mass Media
The Council for Mass Media in Finland has been set up by
publishers and journalists to act as a self-regulatory body for
mass media content. Its function is to interpret good journalistic
practice, and its decisions are based on journalistic guidelines,
which cover all journalistic work in the press, television, radio
and on the Internet, giving equal treatment to each of these
media.
3. Watershed timings for TV programming
YLE and the largest commercial TV
companies, MTV3 and Nelonen, have together agreed on taking
suitability for children into account in all of their programming
content.
To do this, they employ self-regulatory means, such as viewer
warnings and watershed timings. This means that programmes
unsuitable for persons younger than 18 years of age are not
broadcast before 11.00 pm, those unsuitable for children younger
than 15 are not shown before 9.00 pm, those unsuitable for children
younger than 13 are not shown before 7.00 pm and those unsuitable
for children younger than 11 are not shown on weekdays before 5.00
pm.
These age limits and the related nature of the material are
published in the programming information and are announced before
and during the start of the programme as well as in advance
advertising.
4. Self-regulation of telephone services
The content and operation of telephone services are supervised
by the Telephone Services Ombudsman and MAPEL, a commercial phone
services ethics committee set up by telephone service providers and
teleoperators. MAPEL’s work is based on the telephone service
standards drawn up by the sector itself.
5. Self-regulation on the Internet
In Finland, monitoring of harmful Internet content is
currently undertaken by the following bodies, each within its own
sphere of operation: MAPEL, the Council for Mass Media in Finland,
the Finnish Information Processing Association’s Ethics Advisory
Committee, the Council on Ethics in Advertising, the Consumer
Agency and the Consumer Ombudsman.
Finnish operators have together published a set of “ netiquette”
guidelines addressed to parents, for example, explaining how to act
in the case of material that is unlawful or harmful to children. At
the European level, cooperation is conducted, for example, through
a number of different programmes, such as the Safer Internet Action
Plan.
Guidelines for social media
In Finland, major service providers in social media have committed
to promoting safe use of online services, especially for children
and young people.
Service providers are committed to offering age-appropriate
services and ensuring users’ compliance with age recommendations.
In conformity with the guidelines, service providers also offer
easily understandable information on the safe and appropriate use
of their online services.
The guidelines for social media were prepared by a working group
operating under the Media Forum for Children and Young People,
which is subordinate to the Ubiquitous Information Society Advisory
Board. MAPEL, a commercial phone services ethics committee set up
by telephone service providers and teleoperators, monitors
compliance with the guidelines for social media and the service
providers committed to these guidelines.